Rise of Renminbi Gives Countries Banking Choices

Rise of Renminbi Gives Countries Banking Choices

As the renminbi rises, countries will have more choices about where they do their banking — and how to potentially circumvent sanctions.

ChineseCurrencyWorldReserve

SOURCE: The New York Times

For an in-depth analysis, see Renminbi Ascending: How China’s Currency Impacts Global Markets, Foreign Policy, and Transatlantic Financial Regulation

We Have Plenty of History Ahead of Us

We Have Plenty of History Ahead of Us

Perhaps not surprisingly, pessimists have tended to dominate the punditry in recent years.

For Parag Khanna, in today’s globalized world, “islands of governance” tend to drive policy, as copposed to cogent global statecraft. Far from being connected, the world is “never more than a hair’s length away from the symptoms of medievalism” — a disagreeable disease of “economic chaos, social unrest…and wild expenditures.”

For Fareed Zakaria, the problems is even more basic, as the rise of emerging markets has made the world so complicated that it is impossible for countries to even articulate “grand strategies,” or rules of thumb, for the conduct of their foreign affairs, economic or otherwise. Indeed the very “doctrinal approach” to foreign policy, in which countries articulate guiding principles of foreign policy, “doesn’t make much sense anymore. In today’s multipolar, multilayered world, there is no contral hinge upon which all…foreign policy rests. Policymaking looks more varied, and inconsistent, as regions require approaches that don’t necessarily apply elsewhere.” International cooperation will thus have to do increasingly without single one-shot proclamations of national interests that explain state behavior. Fukuyama was wrong — we have plenty of history ahead of us.

Inconsistency is, of course, in the eye of the beholder, but Zakaria’s basic hunch is correct: ultimately, more varied approaches are not only common but also required in today’s post-American world. Yet there are limits to how far the observation holds. Whatever its challenges, the increasing multipolarity of the international system is actually leading to more, not less, institution building and cross-border cooperation. But cooperation is arising very differently than it did in the past.

Excerpted from Minilateralism: How Trade Alliances, Soft Law and Financial Engineering are Redefining Economic Statecraft by Chris Brummer